January 1881 and the Great Blizzard

[Weather-history]

January 1881 started off reasonable with high pressure to the south and a generally westerly southwesterly flow

The weather turned much colder as the high migrated towards Greenland around the 8th

Snowfalls broke out as a low pulled in from the east on the 11th

It became increasingly colder as Arctic air was drawn over the UK and with a generally slack flow, nights were especially cold with the snow cover by the 15th with minima below -10C generally and locally -20C or below in a few places. Kelso recorded minima of -22.2 on the 16th, -26.7 on the 17th and -24.4 on the 18th

Atlantic systems slipped to the south of the UK and on the 18th, one system rapidly developed in the English Channel to produce of the worst blizzards to ever hit southern parts of the UK.

The snowfalls began on the 17th in the southwest and as the sytem deepened as it moved through the Channel, a gale force easterly developed over southern parts with heavy blizzards and drifting snow. From a line from the Humber to Aberyswyth southwards, many areas recorded at least 10cm of snow, 30cm or over fell over southern coastal counties of England and in some places such as Dorset, 60cm of snow fell. The Isle of Wight recorded nearly a metre of level snow.

There were huge drifts even in the centre of London and the whole of the south grounded to the halt.

The snowfalls continued into the next day but they eventually died out as high pressure pushed down from the north. With the deep cover and clear skies, there were some intensely cold nights with minima often below -10C and -20C was recorded in a few places.

Milder Atlantic air finally broke through on the 27th but this produced flooding as the snow thawed.

Data for January 1881

CET: -1.5 (-5.2) Joint 8th coldest January ever recorded

8th-27th January: -4.4

Coldest CET minimum: -12.9 21st

Coldest CET maximum: -4.4 14th

Edited November 24, 2006 by Mr_Data

[Weather-history]

January 1881 was the third consecutive cold snowy January, all three had colder second halves

January 1879: -0.7

January 1880: 0.9

January 1881: -1.5

Photos of January 1881

http://www.findonvillage.com/p7009_shoreham_0298.jpg

http://www.findonvillage.com/p7012_shoreham_0198.jpg

[John Cox]

Thanks Mr Data,

A great read as usual whilst we await or own winter Blizzard

[cheeky_monkey]

always a good read mr data....old weather events long forgotten r always fascinating....well done!!

[johnholmes]

as ever very interesting.

How long do you think it will be before you run out of cold/snow situations?

John

[Snowyowl9]

Thats the oldest archive charts I`ve seen, do they go back any further than that.

[Weather-history]

Here's the Times article from the 20th of January 1881 of the Great Blizzard.

Times Editorial

A closer look at that graph for Kew

[Turnedoutniceagain]

Excellent stuff Mr D

There were huge drifts even in the centre of London and the whole of the south grounded to the halt

Imagine that now, the 24hr news media would pop a fuse & NW would crash.

We'd have to instigate the ultra-secret SATSIGS level 6

[Weather-history]

There were huge drifts even in the centre of London and the whole of the south grounded to the halt

Imagine that now, the 24hr news media would pop a fuse & NW would crash.

:ph34r:

Just looking at the data, say it was -1C and that 60mph wind was accurate then it would mean a windchill of -12C with heavy blinding snow. Visibility would be practically zero.

[Weather-history]

Here is the original snow depth map (published in 1881) that was constructed from reports given by observers on the Great Blizzard of 18th/19th January 1881.

The white shading are for depths of 12 inches and greater

The vertical shading are for depths of between 6 and 12 inches

The horizontal shading are for depths of 6 inches and less.

Reports from around the counties

London/Middlesex: Snow started falling around 9am on the 18th and lasted until about midday on the 19th. It was accompanied by a violent gale. General depth of 9 inches and 3 feet drifts.

Surrey: About 9 inches generally.

Kent: 3 to 4 inches along coast, 4-6 inches inland, 7 inches nearer London. 14 feet drifts on the Isle of Thanet.

Sussex: 7-8 inches to the north. 24 inches at Worthing, 18 inches at Brighton, 12 inches at St Leonard's, 9 to 12 inches at Littlehampton.

Isle of Wight and south Hampshire: A staggering 34 inches in two falls at Newport on Isle of Wight. St Lawrence with 22 inches, Osborne and Ventnor with 18 inches and 24 inches at Ryde. Many roads were filled with snow up to halfway on lamp-posts. 12 feet drifts at Cowes. A hall collapsed at Portsmouth due to weight of snow.

Berkshire: Ranging from 9 inches to east up to 15 inches in west.

Hertfordshire: 6 to 9 inches.

Buckinghamshire: About 7 inches in general

Oxfordshire: 12 to 13 inches. 13 feet drifts in places.

Northamptonshire: 6 inches generally but in the SW of county it was 12 inches.

Huntindgonshire: 5 inches to NE to 8 inches in south.

Bedfordshire: 7 inches, 10 feet drifts

Cambridgeshire: About 7 inches.

Essex: 6 inches along coast, 9 inches to west.

Suffolk: 2-3 inches along the coast up to 7 inches in west.

Norfolk: 9 inches generally

Wiltshire: 6 inches at Calne, 36 inches at Warminster. 12 feet drifts.

Dorset: 12-14 inches inland, 18 to 20 inches along coast.

Devonshire: 12 to 14 inches generally, 3 feet over Dartmoor. 15 feet drifts.

Cornwall: 12 inches in far east, 7 inches generally

Somerset: 12 to 13 inches in the south and east, 8 to 10 inches in west and north.

Gloucestershire: 9 to 10 inches in south, 6 to 7 inches in north. 7 to 10 feet drifts.

Herefordshire: 10 to 11 inches in south, 6 inches in the north.

Shropshire: 3 inches in the north, 5 inches in the south.

Staffordshire: 1 to 4 inches

Worcestershire: 5 to 6 inches.

Warwickshire: 4 inches in north, 7 to 8 inches over central parts, 12 inches in SE of county

Leicestershire: 6 inches and 6 feet drifts.

Lincolnshire: 6 to 7 inches

South Wales: About 6 inches with 9 inches around Monmouthshire.

Radnorshire: 15 inches

Denbighshire: 6 inches

From the Wirral to just north of Flamborough Head northwards, no snow fell from this storm although there was a deep cover of snow over a wide area. For instance, parts of the Lancashire plain had a general cover of 6 inches.

Specific reports

Andover: 12 inches

Basingstoke: 4 inches

Barnstaple: 36 inches

Dorchester: 36 inches

Exeter: 12 inches

Fareham: 30 inches

Guildford: 8 inches

Havant: 36 inches

Lidford: 15 inches

Okehampton: 36 inches

Plymouth: 18 inches

Portsmouth: 30 inches

Ringwood: 36 inches

Salisbury: 9 inches

Southampton: 12 inches

Tottenham: 8 inches

[Terminal Moraine]

If a repeat of that were to occur I would be inconsolable. To see southernmost counties of England getting 3 feet of level snow when I had only a couple of inches at most would be too much to bear.

[Andy Bown]

Wiltshire: 6 inches at Calne, 36 inches at Warminster. 12 feet drifts.

I live 4 miles from Warminster.

It seems remarkable that Calne should have 30 inches less because there's only about 15/20 miles as the crow flies between the two towns. That was either due to a severe Salisbury Plain effect or that the Warminster depth was drift effected - although it does say 12 feet drifts!!

[Weather-history]

[Rustynailer]

Great post Mr Data, do you happen to know if the Isle of Wight's 1 meter (nearly) of level snow is a record for the UK or just England?

I will settle for 0.5m from this current low without moaning in the slightest b/w B)

Regards,

Russ

[paul tall]

The record I believe is 5ft level snow somewhere in Teesdale. Imagine that!

[Rustynailer]

Thanks Paul, I was optimistically hoping...

OMG I just noticed my wording was unintentionally ostentatious. It sounds like I thought the IoW had the record "Or just England".....Hmmmmm

Edited November 27, 2010 by Rustynailer

[East Herts Snow]

Love the articles reporting from different parts of the country.

Cambridge 19 Jan 1881:

"The streets and roads are almost impassable, the snow being several feet deep".

Amazing how life still continued almost as normal, if that happened nowadays the country will just be at a standstill and a national disaster would be declared.

[Weather-history]

130 years ago!

[Weather-history]

[AderynCoch]

Like the improved charts! Looks like Wetterzentrale have upgraded their archive before 1948, adding thickness and upper temperatures.

[LetItSnow!]

Bumping this remarkable spell. Without a relatively mild start and closer, this would have been even more remarkable a month. The 8th to the 26th averaged a remarkable -4.8degC, an almost unfathomable level of cold. During these 19 days, 10 of them had a C.E.T. mean below -5. 

One could assume that with the right synoptics, the record of January 1795 could perhaps have been beaten given the chance. 

[Weather-history]

Ipswich  (max, min °F)

Jan

1.  39, 30   frost am,  fine cloudy

2.  43, 36   fog am, fine, calm

3.  43, 39  calm thick and cloudy     thick?

4.  42.5, 38   cloudy, tranquil

5.  43, 37  fine, bright, drying

6.  40, 34  very bright dry day

7.  40, 29.5  very fine bright, hoar frost

8.  41, 30  fine, partly cloudy

9.  37, 31.5   little snow am, cloudy

10.  32, 29.5  cloudy, freezing, snow evening

11.  33, 29   frosty, 

12.  28, 25   snow and keen frost

13.  33, 23.5  sharp frost and snow

14.  27, 18  severe rime frost, fog til 11am

15.  27, 16.5  severe frost, rime, fog

16.  26, 16   severe frost, bright all day

17.  27.5, 13.5   excessive frost

18.  32, 26.5    violent gale, snow at night  

19.  28, 24    snow and hard frost   

20.  26, 18  severe frost and fine

21.  25, 7   excessive frost, bright pm  

22.  32, 9   excessive frost and cloudy pm

23.  35, 26  frost am, cloudy and milder. partial thaw middle of the day. Snow after 4pm

24.  28, 13.5  severe frost, fog, rime  

25.  27.5, 19   severe frost, bright day 

26.   32.5, 3.5  most excessive frost 

27.  37.5, 32.5  Thaw, great fog, some rain  

28.  37.5, 34    Thaw, fog, rain at times 

29.  43, 33.5   Rain and foggy, much milder

30.  45.5, 34.5   fine and mild 

31.  44, 41.5    fine, mild, bright    After 6pm, a rich display of aurora borealis.

[LetItSnow!]

This month proves just how special extremely cold months in the UK are as despite one of the most extreme cold spells ever know that lasted a good portion of the month, it only came out at -1.5C. That's absolutely frigid but as I commented a year ago, the 8th to the 26th had an average of -4.8C. The less cold bits bumped it up significantly so. Makes months like January 1795, the whole winter of 1683/1684, January 1963 etc a sight to behold.

[Weather-history]

Cardiff  (max, min °F)

Jan

18:  32.8, 25.5

19:  31.0, 25.0

20:  27.5, 17.2

21:  32.8, 20.1

22:  29.8, 18.8

23:  33.8, 18.5

24:  35.0, 30.8

25:  31.5, 17.9

26:  21.9, 15.9

27:  35.1, 19.8

 

 

Glasgow

18:  29, 5

19:  32, 11

20:  29, 8

21:  31, 18

22:  27, 0

23:  35, 5

24:  33, 4

 

Memories of the event years later

1925                                                                      1929                          1931                                 1939                         1947                             1951

 

                               

 

 

1963                                                        1964                                                                                                                                      1972

                            

[cheeky_monkey]

On 13/01/2024 at 22:43, Weather-history said:

Cardiff  (max, min °F)

Jan

18:  32.8, 25.5

19:  31.0, 25.0

20:  27.5, 17.2

21:  32.8, 20.1

22:  29.8, 18.8

23:  33.8, 18.5

24:  35.0, 30.8

25:  31.5, 17.9

26:  21.9, 15.9

27:  35.1, 19.8

 

 

Glasgow

18:  29, 5

19:  32, 11

20:  29, 8

21:  31, 18

22:  27, 0

23:  35, 5

24:  33, 4

 

Memories of the event years later

1925                                                                      1929                          1931                                 1939                         1947                             1951

 

                               

 

 

1963                                                        1964                                                                                                                                      1972

                            

some of these stories wouldn't be out of place of the stories told on these forums about Dec 1981..100 years later..i wonder if any of us will still be around in 2072 to recount Dec 1981 like the last quote from 1972 about Jan 1881