The anglular acceleration is connected and arises from the fact that, when circling around an axis, the air parcel changes its velocity. As you may already know, the change in velocity can be accomplished in two ways: by changing its magnitude or its direction. In the case of anglular acceleration we have the second option. The angular acceleration is given by the expression v^2/R, where V is the linear velocity and R - the radius of Earth. On the other hand: the momentum is simply the mass of an object multiplied by its speed. This gives m.w (where w is omega, or angular speed, the connection between the angular speed and the linear speed is V=R.w). What is more importantly, the angular acceleration (not momentum) and the Centripetal force make a clear reference to the Centrifugal force (the opposite of Centripetal force = m. v^2/R where v^2/R, as I wrote, is the angular acceleration).
These are the basics of angular momentum, angular acceleration and the two forces. Fruther investigation opens the doors into the dynamical meteorology which gives us an opportunity to make use of these assumption and describe the dynamics of the fluid. Shortly, the centrifugal force helps us to describe the Coriolis force and complete the set of equotions that describe the motion of the fluid.
If you have any questions, do not hesitate to ask me. I may be able to write down all these things on a sheet of paper and post it there. And finally: I hope this could have helped you