Here are the current Papers & Articles under the research topic ENSO (El Nino Southern Oscillation) which include papers on the two variants El Nino and La Nina. Click on the title of a paper you are interested in to go straight to the full paper. Papers and articles covering the basics (ideal for learning) are shown in Green.
El Niño, La Niña and the Southern Oscillation (Met Office overview)
Are there two types of La Nina?
Are Greenhouse Gases Changing ENSO Precursors in the Western North Pacific?
Causes and Predictability of the Negative Indian Ocean Dipole and Its Impact on La Niña During 2016
Combined effect of the QBO and ENSO on the MJO
Different ENSO teleconnections and their effects on the stratospheric polar vortex
Dynamics of the ENSO teleconnection and NAO variability in the North Atlantic-European late winter
Effect of AMOC collapse on ENSO in a high resolution general circulation model
Effects of stratospheric variability on El Niño teleconnections
El Niño and La Niña Years and Intensities - Charts from 1950 to date
ENSO Atmospheric Teleconnections and Their Response to Greenhouse Gas Forcing
ENSO Modulation of MJO Teleconnections to the North Atlantic and Europe
Global Warming and ENSO – A “Helter-Skelter” Atmosphere
Historical El Nino and La Nina Episodes - from 1950 to date
Impact of El Niño–Southern Oscillation on European climate
Impacts of high-latitude volcanic eruptions on ENSO and AMOC
Importance of Late Fall ENSO Teleconnection in the Euro-Atlantic Sector
Increasing Frequency of Extreme El Nino Events due to Greenhouse Warming
2014 paper. Abstract:
El Niño events are a prominent feature of climate variability with global climatic impacts. The 1997/98 episode, often referred to as `the climate event of the twentieth century', and the 1982/83 extreme El Niño, featured a pronounced eastward extension of the west Pacific warm pool and development of atmospheric convection, and hence a huge rainfall increase, in the usually cold and dry equatorial eastern Pacific. Such a massive reorganization of atmospheric convection, which we define as an extreme El Niño, severely disrupted global weather patterns, affecting ecosystems, agriculture, tropical cyclones, drought, bushfires, floods and other extreme weather events worldwide. Potential future changes in such extreme El Niño occurrences could have profound socio-economic consequences. Here we present climate modelling evidence for a doubling in the occurrences in the future in response to greenhouse warming. We estimate the change by aggregating results from climate models in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phases 3 (CMIP3; ref. ) and 5 (CMIP5; ref. ) multi-model databases, and a perturbed physics ensemble. The increased frequency arises from a projected surface warming over the eastern equatorial Pacific that occurs faster than in the surrounding ocean waters, facilitating more occurrences of atmospheric convection in the eastern equatorial region.
Indian Ocean Dipole Modes Associated with Different Types of ENSO Development
Linking Emergence of the Central Pacific El Niño to the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation
On the 60-month cycle of multivariate ENSO index
Pacific meridional mode and El Nino Southern Oscillation
Response of the Zonal Mean Atmospheric Circulation to El Niño versus Global Warming
Seasonal predictability of winter ENSO types in operational dynamical model predictions
Stratospheric role in interdecadal changes of El Niño impacts over Europe
The Defining Characteristics of ENSO Extremes and the Strong 2015/2016 El Niño
The impact of the AMO on multidecadal ENSO variability
The impact of combined ENSO and PDO on the PNA climate:a 1,000-year climate modeling study
The interaction between the Western Indian Ocean and ENSO in CESM
The Relationship between Northern Hemisphere Winter Blocking and Tropical Modes of Variability
2016 paper. Abstract:
In the present study, the influence of some major tropical modes of variability on Northern Hemisphere regional blocking frequency variability during boreal winter is investigated. Reanalysis data and an ensemble experiment with the ECMWF model using relaxation toward the ERA-Interim data inside the tropics areused. The tropical modes under investigation are El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO), and the upper-tropospheric equatorial zonal-mean zonal wind [U1^50]E. An early (late) MJO phase refers to the part of the MJO cycle when enhanced (suppressed) precipitation occurs over the western Indian Ocean and suppressed (enhanced) precipitation occurs over the Maritime Continent and the western tropical Pacific. Over the North Pacific sector, it is found that enhanced (suppressed) high-latitude blocking occurs in association with El Niño (La Niña) events, late (early) MJO phases, and westerly (easterly)[U1^50]E. Over central to southern Europe and the east Atlantic, it is found that late MJO phases, as well as a suppressed MJO, are leading to enhanced blocking frequency. Furthermore, early (late) MJO phases arefollowed by blocking anomalies over the western North Atlantic region, similar to those associated with a positive (negative) North Atlantic Oscillation. Over northern Europe, the easterly (westerly) phase of[U1^50]Eis associated with enhanced (suppressed) blocking. These results are largely confirmed by both the reanalysis and the model experiment.
The South Pacific Meridional Mode: A Mechanism for ENSO-like Variability
The Teleconnection of El Niño Southern Oscillation to the Stratosphere
Timing of subsurface heat magnitude for the growth of El Niño events
Triggering of El Niño onset through trade wind–induced charging of the equatorial Pacific
Unusual Behavior in Atmospheric Angular Momentum during the 1965 and 1972 El Niños
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